那些丑态百出的加拿大市长们　　

　　这几天,加拿大最大的城市多伦多的市长福特(Rob Ford)日子最不好过,几个月前他吸食可卡因的传闻已经被媒体和警方证实,在他坦承曾吸食毒品后，新曝光的一段视频让他更加尴尬。视频显示，当时福特整个人醉醺醺，还爆出粗口，称自己要“杀人”。而媒体穷追猛打,挖出来的猛料似乎证明他吸毒并非一时兴起,而是已成瘾。他的律师说，福特正在考虑，可能会进烟毒戒断所接受治疗。

　至今福特还没有表示要辞职，警察局也认为目前掌握的证据还不能对他进行指控。不过，福特已面临各方要求他辞职下台的巨大声浪，尤其是多伦多市议会不少议员表示，对福特的信任全失，认为他不再适任市长一职。而一个教育委员会，则已经开除了他在一所学兼任棒球教练的工作。

吸毒、酗酒，扬言还要杀人的多伦多市长福特

　　今年夏天，与蒙特利尔仅一河之隔的魁北克第三大城市拉瓦尔（Laval）代市长杜普莱西(Alexandre Duplessis)搞出的“召妓门”令人笑掉大牙。事件源于两名妓女涉嫌敲诈一名嫖客引起的。警方在接案后,惊讶发现被敲诈的嫖客是才刚上任没几个月的拉瓦尔市代市长杜普莱西。今年6月，两名妓女被电召前往他的乡间别墅提供服务。但聚会不欢而散，事后双方各执一词。伴游女郎说市长拒付费用，而杜普莱西坚称自己没有接受任何“性服务”，并受到她们的敲诈。 据其中一名妓女回忆说，这位市长大人还问她们他自己是否可以穿女性内衣裤，她们否爱喝白葡萄酒等；当她们终於来到那幢度假屋後，他穿上女性内衣裤，穿著长统皮靴，还化上妆。后来市长想要带她们划船玩，双方为每小时160元的收费发生纠纷，最终导致警察介入。 杜普莱西在６月底因各方压力辞了职。本来在加拿大，一个平头百姓偶尔去找找妓女解解性饥渴，是不足为奇的。但公众人物是万万不能干的,这位市长大人不但干了,还玩“双飞”，玩了还不痛痛快快付嫖资，真是丢人丢到家了。

　　　玩双飞还想赖嫖资的拉瓦尔代市长杜普莱西

　　这位召妓市长的前任是去年11月﹐因贪污腐败才下台的吉勒.瓦尔兰科特(Gilles Vaillancourt)。今年５月,他已被省警察局逮捕。现年72岁的瓦尔兰科特曾经赢得6次拉瓦尔市长选举。由于他连赢6届政权，他的政党总是赢得所有市议会席位，政敌给他的绰号是“君王”。这位市长其实还是挺有政绩的,在他执政期间大力抓市政建设和房地产，因此拉瓦尔这个原先依附在蒙特利尔边默默无闻的小城发展成为魁北克第三大城市。据建筑公司的老板交代，瓦尔兰科特在任市长期间曾对拉瓦尔市的所有公共工程合同收取2.5%的回扣，而且已形成完整的贪腐利益链。警方调查他和他老婆在瑞士银行有1600万加元的巨额存款。由于卷入这个案的市政议员太多，市政议会不能正常运作，有段时间只要由省政府托管。这位老市长面临多项指控，其中，最为严重的两条为诈骗和领导黑帮。一旦罪名成立，有可能面临终身监禁。

　　　拉瓦尔市贪腐“君王”瓦尔兰科特

　　其实,在魁北克，建筑商、房地产商与政府的关系不清不楚已是由来已久和司空见惯的事。每次省大选时，各个党派都指责竞争对手接受建筑公司的贿赂。经媒体调查，没有一个党派是干净的,各个党派都接收了支持他们的建筑商以竞选经费的名义给的政治献金。各个大大小小的城市也同样效仿，有些则把钱洗进了自己的腰包。

　  位于蒙特利尔南岸的St-Rémi市，市长Michel Lavoie去年年底被魁北克反腐专案组指控腐败，但一直没有辞职，今年８月份，该市市民依据一项新的立法，将其赶出市长办公室，这种做法在魁省还是第一次。

    蒙特利尔是加拿大的第二大城市，其前市长谭保利（Gérald Tremblay）与华人似乎关系挺密切,华人社区的一些活动他都会经常出席，而他的弟弟更是唐人街的常客，几乎是每逢活动必参加。记得２０１０年上海世博会那年，这位谭保利市长去中国访问，其中在广州期间，我一位从广州移民来的商界朋友全程陪同他参加了所有活动,包括与广州市长的会谈，在广州的朋友眼里赚足了面子。去年年底，谭保利因他的政党卷入建筑业贪腐，黯然辞职。

因所领导的政党卷入建筑业贪腐案而黯然辞职的蒙特利尔市长谭保利

　　接替谭保利作市长的迈克尔.阿波鲍莱（Ｍichael Applebaum）就没有那么幸运了,刚做了六、七个月的蒙特利尔市长，屁股还没有坐热，今年６月就突然被魁省警方逮捕了,他被指涉及在2006年至2011年，任蒙特利尔一个区的区长与市议员期间，参与某房地产项目，将会面临与欺诈、背信、密谋、官商勾结谋取私利以及腐败等相关的14项指控。

前腐后继的蒙特利尔市长迈克尔.阿波鲍莱

关于转基因食品和作物安全性问题的海量研究文献(1)

    这里有1000多篇关于转基因食品和作物安全性(大部分似为生态安全性)问题的研究文献名录,来自于美国一网站,此网站是具有倾向性的,但对转基因食品和作物安全性感兴趣的朋友,不妨找原文来认真研究,支持转基因食品和作物无安全问题的可以找出其缪误;认为转基因食品和作物存在安全问题也可以从中找到经得起考验的结论.

This compilation is a sample of the scientific references including over 1000 studies, surveys, and analyses that suggest various adverse impacts and potential adverse impacts of genetically engineered (GE/GMO) crops, foods and related pesticides. This list contains references regarding health impacts,environmental impacts, including impact of non-target organisms (NTOs),resistance of target organisms, genetic drift and drift of pesticides,horizontal gene transfer, unintended effects, as well as references regarding yields, social impact, ethics, economics and regulations. In most cases, links are provided to the abstracts for the references.

1. Abdo E. M., et al. Chemical Analysis of BT corn ?Mon- 810: Ajeeb-YG®" and its counterpart non-Bt corn "Ajeeb" IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278?5736. Volume 4, Issue 1 (Mar.?Apr. 2013), PP 55?60 http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jac/papers/vol4-issue1/L0415560.pdf

2. Accinelli, C.; Screpanti, C.; Vicari, A. & Catizone, P. (2004) Influence of insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki on the degradation of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium in soil samples. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,103, 497-507.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880903004080

3. Achiorno, C. L., C. de Villalobos, and L. Ferrari. (2008) Toxicity of the Herbicide Glyphosate to Chordodes Nobilii (Gordiida, Nematomorpha). Chemosphere 71, no. 10 (May): 1816-22.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18394676

4. Acquavella JF, Alexander BH, Mandel JS, Gustin C, Baker B, Chapman P, Bleeke M. (2004) Glyphosate biomonitoring for farmers and their families: results from the Farm Family Exposure Study. Environ Health Perspect. Mar;112(3):321-6.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14998747

5. Adugna A, Bekele E: (2013) Geographical distribution and phenotypic diversity in wild sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] in Ethiopia: implications for germplasm conservation and crop-wild flow. Plant Genet Resour , 11:68?76 http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8859944

6. Asfaw Adugna (2013) Ecotypic variation for seed dormancy, longevity and germination requirements in wild/weedy Sorghum bicolor in Ethiopia: implications for seed mediated transgene dispersal and persistence SpringerPlus May, 2:248, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2193-1801-2-248

7. Adugna, A., & Bekele, E. (2013) Morphology and fitness components of wild 3 crop F1 hybrids of Sorghum bi- color (L.) in Ethiopia: implications for survival and introgression of crop genes in the wild pool. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization: 1-10

8. Agodi A, Barchitta M, Grillo A and Sciacca S (2006) Detection of genetically modified DNA sequences in milk from the Italian market. Int J Hyg Environ Health 209:81- 88.

http://europepmc.org/Abstract/MED/16373205

9. Aguilera M, Querci M, Balla B, Prospero A, Ermolli M, Van denEede G (2008) A Qualitative Approach for the Assessment of Genetic Stability of the MON810 Trait in Commercial Seed Maize Varieties. Food Anal .Methods 1:252258

http://pubget.com/paper/pgtmp_ef5d2d1aab82f22495e54c4205f6171f/A_Qualitative_Approach_for_the_Assessment_of_the_Genetic_Stability_of_the_MON_810_Trait_in_Commercial_Seed_Maize_Varieties

10. Aheto, D.W., Bøhn, T., Breckling, B., van den Berg, J., Ching, L.L. and Wikmark, O.-G. (2013) Implications of GM crops in subsistence-based agricultural systems in Africa. In: Breckling, B. and Verhoeven, R. GM-Crop Cultivation ? Ecological Effects on a Landscape Scale, Theorie in der Ökologie 17. Frankfurt, Peter Lang.

http://proto.gnistdesign.no/genok/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Aheto-et-al-2013-Implications-of-GM-crops-in-subsistence-farming-Africa-GMLS.pdf.

11. Iftikhar Ahmad, David Malloch (1995) Interaction of soil microflora with the bioherbicide phosphinothricin Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment Netherlands. Vol. 54, no. 3 Jul p. 165-174 http://europepmc.org/abstract/AGR/IND20617872/reload=0;jsessionid=gzL79cPgBlupOuS2JMt9.52

12. Albinati ACL, Moreira ELT, Albinati RCB, J.V. Carvalho, A.D. de Lira, G.B. Santos, L.V.O. Vidal (2009) Biomarcadores histológicos ? toxicidade crônica pelo Roundup em piauçu (Leporinus macrocephalus). Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 61(3):621?627.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abmvz/v61n3/15.pdf

13. Al-Khatib, K., M. M. Claassen, P. W. Stahlman, P. W. Geier, D. L. Regehr, S. R. Duncan, and W. F. Heer. (2003) Grain Sorghum Response to Simulated Drift from Glufosinate, Glyphosate, Imazethapyr, and Sethoxydim.? Weed Technology 17, no. 2(Apr-Jun): 261-65.

http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3989306?uid=3739256&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21102588189107

14. Allison, RF, Scneider WL, Greene AE (1996) Recombination in plants expressing viral transgenes Seminars in Virology 7(6) pp 417-422 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044577396900505

15. Altieri MA, Rosset P. (1999) Strengthening the case for why biotechnology will not help. The developing world: A response to MCGloughlin. AgBioForum. 2(3-4):226?236.

http://www.agbioforum.org/v2n34/v2n34a14-altieri.htm

16. Altieri, M. A. (2000). The ecological impacts of transgenic crops on agroecosystem health. Ecosystem Health, 6, 13-23.

http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20013038747.html

17. Altieri, M. A. (2003). The sociocultural and food security impacts of genetic pollution via transgenic crops of traditional varieties in Latin American centers of peasant agriculture. Bulletin of Science, Technology, & Society, 23,1-10.

http://bst.sagepub.com/content/23/5/350.abstract

18. Miguel A. Altieri (2005) The Myth of Coexistence: Why Transgenic Crops Are Not Compatible With Agroecologically Based Systems of Production Bulletin of Science Technology Society August vol. 25 no. 4 361-371

http://bst.sagepub.com/content/25/4/361.abstract

19. Al-Rajab AJ, Schiavon M. (2010) Degradation of 14C-glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in three agricultural soils. J Environ Sci (China). ;22(9):1374-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21174968

20. Amanor-Boadu V, Amanor-Boadu Y (2002). A survey of post-marketing surveillance of potential human late health effects of genetically modified foods? initiatives: lessons for Canada?s strategy. Centre for Surveillance Coordination, Health Canada

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pyf20i00

21. Anderson, P. L., Hellmich, R. L. Sears, M. K., Sumerford, D. V., and Lewis, L. C. (2004) Effects of Cry1Ab-expressing corn anthers on monarch butterfly larvae. Environ. Entomol. 33: 1109-1115.

22. Anderson, P. L., Hellmich, R. L., Prasifka, J. R., and Lewis, L. C. (2005) Effects on fitness and behavior of monarch butterfly larvae exposed to a combination of Cry1Ab-expressing corn anthers and pollen. Environ. Entomol. 34:944-952.

23. Andow, D.A. and A.Hilbeck. (2004) Science-based risk assessment for non-target effects of transgenic crops. Bioscience 54(7):637-649

www.cbd.int/doc/articles/2008/a-00634.pdf

24. Andow DA, Lövei GL, Arpaia S (2006) Ecological risk assessment for Bt crops. Nat Biotechnol 24:749?751

http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v24/n7/full/nbt0706-749.html

25. Andow, D.A.& Zwahlen,C. (2006) Assessing environmental risks of transgenic plants. Ecology Letters 9:196-214

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16958885

26. Antoniou M. Genetic pollution. (1996) Nutritional Therapy Today. 6(4): 8?11.

http://www.psrast.org/mianart1.htm

27. Antoniou M, Habib MEM, Howard C V, Jennings R C, Leifert C, Nodari R O, Robinson C J, Fagan J (2012) Teratogenic Effects of Glyphosate-Based Herbicides : Divergence of Regulatory Decisions from Scientific Evidence. J Environ Anal Toxicol S4:006

http://www.omicsonline.org/2161-0525/2161-0525-S4-006.php

28. Aono M, Wakiyama S, Nagatsu M, Nakajima N, Tamaoki M, Kubo A, Saji H (2006) Detection of feral transgenic oilseed rape with multiple-herbicide resistance in Japan. Environ Biosafety Res. Apr-Jun;5(2):77-87.

29. Aono M, Wakiyama S, Nagatsu M, Kaneko Y, Nishizawa T, Nakajima N, Tamaoki M, Kubo A, Saji H. (2011) Seeds of a possible natural hybrid between herbicide-resistant Brassica napus and Brassica rapa detected on a riverbank in Japan. GM Crops. Jun-Dec;2(3):201-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22179196

30. Arbuckle, T.E.; Lin, Z.& Mery, L.S. (2001). An exploratory analysis of the effect of pesticide exposure on the risk of spontaneous abortion in an Ontario farm population. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109, 851-857.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240415/

31. Aris A, Leblanc S. (2011) Maternal and fetal exposure to pesticides associated to genetically modified foods in Eastern Townships of Quebec, Canada. Reprod Toxicol. May;31(4):528-33

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338670

32. Arregui MC, Lenardon A, Sanchez D, Maitre MI, Scotta R, Enrique S(2004). Monitoring glyphosate residues in transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean. Pest Manag Sci. 60:163-166.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14971683

33. Arriola, P.E., Ellstrand,N.C. (1996) Crop to weed gene flow in the genus Sorghum (Poaceae): Spontaneous interspecific hybridization between johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense, and crop sorghum S. bicolor. American Journal of Botany, 83(9): 1153-1160. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2446198?uid=3739256&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21102938302543

34. Astiz M, de Alaniz MJ, Marra CA. (2009) Effect of pesticides on cell survival in liver and brain rat tissues. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Oct;72(7):2025-32.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19493570

35. Astiz M, Hurtado de Catalfo GE, García MN, Galletti SM, Errecalde AL, de Alaniz MJ, Marra CA. (2013) Pesticide-induced decrease in rat testicular steroidogenesis is differentially prevented by lipoate and tocopherol. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. May;91:129-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23465731

36. Astiz M, de Alaniz MJ, Marra CA. (2012) The oxidative damage and inflammation caused by pesticides are reverted by lipoic acid in rat brain. Neurochem Int. Dec;61(7):1231-41.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22995786

37. Austin, A.P.; Harris, G.E. & Lucey, W.P. (1991). Impact of an organophosphate herbicide (Glyphosate®) on periphyton communities developed in experimental streams. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 47, 29-35.

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01689449

38. Avila-Garcia, W.V. & Mallory-Smith, C. (2011) Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne) populations also exhibit resistance to glufosinate.Weed Science, 59, 305-309.

http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1614/WS-D-11-00012.1

39. Ayoola, S. O. (2008) Histopathological Effects of Glyphosate on Juvenile African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus). American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci. 4, no. 3 362-67.

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40. Ayoola, S. O. (2008)Toxicity of Glyphosate Herbicide on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Juvenile. African Journal of Agricultural Research 3, no. 12 : 825-34.

http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/8661722/2072248119/name/Toxicity+of+glyphosate+herbicide+on+Nile+tilapia+(Oreochromis+niloticus)+juvenile+December,+2008.pdf.

41. Babendreier D, Reichhart B, Romeis J, Bigler F .(2008) Impact of insecticidal proteins expressed in transgenic plants on bumblebee microcolonies. Entomol Exp Appl 126:148-57

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00652.x/abstract

42. Bagavathiannan, M.V., Begg, G.S., Gulden, R.H., Van Acker, R.C. (2012) Modelling the Dynamics of Feral Alfalfa Populations and Its Management Implications. PLoS ONE 7(6): e39440. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039440

43. Bailey, W., Poston, D.H.,Wilson, H.P., Hines, T.E. 2002. Glyphosate interactions with manganese. Weed Technology 16, 792?799.

44. Bakke-McKellep AM, Koppang EO, Gunnes G, Sanden M, Hemre GI, Landsverk T, Krogdahl A. (2007) Histological, digestive, metabolic, hormonal and some immune factor responses in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fed genetically modified soybeans. J Fish Dis. Feb;30(2):65-79

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45. Bakonyi G, Szira F, Kiss I, Villányi I, Seres A, Székács A (2006) Preference tests with collembolas on isogenic and Bt-maize. Eur J Soil Biol 42:S132?S135

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46. László Balla (2009) GMO ?yes or no? Magyar Mezôgazdaság , 64 (11): 32 ?33.

47. A. S. Baranov , O.F. Chernova, N. Yu. Feoktistova, and A. V. Surov (2010) A New Example of Ectopia: Oral Hair in Some Rodent Species Doklady Biological Sciences, 2010, Vol. 431, pp. 117?120.

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48. Barberis CL, Carranza CS, Chiacchiera SM, Magnoli CE. (2013) Influence of herbicide glyphosate on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from soil on in vitro assay. J Environ Sci Health B. 48(12):1070-9.

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50. Barceló, D. & Hennion, M.-C. (1997) Trace determination of pesticides and their degradation products in water. Elsevier, ISBN 0-444-81842-1, Amsterdam.

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52. Carol Barrette, Emily Cobb, Ronald McNicol, Gary Lyon (1997) A risk assessment study of plant genetic transformation usingAgrobacterium and implications for analysis of transgenic plants Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 1996/1997, Volume 47, Issue 2, pp 135-144

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53. Bartsch, K and C. Tebbe (1989) Initial steps in the degradation of phosphinothricin (glufosinate) by soil bacteria Applied Environmental Microbiology Vol. 55 pp 711-716 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC184185/

54. Bartsch, D and M Pohl-Orf (1996) Ecological aspects of transgenic sugar beet: transfer and expression of herbicide resistance in hybrids with wild beet Euphytica 91 pp 55-58 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00035276

55. Battaglin, W.A.; Kolpin, D.W.; Scribner, E.A.; Kuivila, K.M. & Sandtrom, M.W. (2005).Glyphosate,other herbicides, and transformation products in Midwestern streams,2002. Journal of the American Water Resource Association, 41, 323-332.

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56. Battaglin, W.A.; Rice, K.C.; Focazio, M.J.; Salmons, S. & Barry, R.X. (2009). The occurrence of glyphosate, atrazine, and other pesticides in vernal pools and adjacent streams in Washington, DC, Maryland, Iowa, and Wyoming, 2005?2006. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 155, 281-307.

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